Heat the neutral oil in a large skillet or wok over medium-high heat. Add the shallots, garlic, and Thai chili peppers. Stir-fry for about 30 seconds, just until fragrant.
Add the ground beef and break it apart with a spatula. Cook for 5–6 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the beef is fully cooked and lightly browned.
Add the soy sauce, oyster sauce, dark soy sauce, fish sauce, and sugar. Toss everything together until the beef is evenly coated. Continue cooking for another 1–2 minutes, allowing the sauce to reduce slightly and coat the beef.
Turn off the heat and add the Thai basil leaves. Toss until the basil is just wilted from the residual heat.
Divide the jasmine rice between two bowls and spoon the Thai basil beef over the top. Serve immediately.